💊 需治疗人数 NNT 计算器（ARR、RRR、RR、NNH、置信区间）Number Needed to Treat (NNT) Calculator (ARR, RRR, RR, NNH, Confidence Interval)

使用说明与常见问题How-to & FAQ

「需治疗人数 NNT 计算器（ARR、RRR、RR、NNH、置信区间）」是什么？What is the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) Calculator (ARR, RRR, RR, NNH, Confidence Interval) tool?

输入对照组和干预组的事件率（或事件数和总人数），计算绝对风险降低 (ARR)、相对风险降低 (RRR)、相对风险 (RR) 和需治疗人数 NNT（向上取整），干预组事件更多时给出需伤害人数 NNH。按人数输入时附 ARR 和 NNT 的 95 % 置信区间。用于理解研究结果，不能代替临床判断。本地处理。Enter the event rates of the control and treatment groups (or events and group sizes) to get the absolute risk reduction (ARR), relative risk reduction (RRR), relative risk (RR) and the number needed to treat, rounded up, or the number needed to harm when the treatment group fares worse. With counts, 95 % confidence intervals for ARR and NNT are shown. For reading studies, not a substitute for clinical judgement. Processed locally.

如何使用「需治疗人数 NNT 计算器（ARR、RRR、RR、NNH、置信区间）」？How do I use the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) Calculator (ARR, RRR, RR, NNH, Confidence Interval) tool?

在「需治疗人数 NNT 计算器（ARR、RRR、RR、NNH、置信区间）」中，填写「输入方式」、「事件率单位」、「对照组事件率」、「干预组事件率」、「对照组事件数」等参数，结果会随输入实时计算并显示在下方。In the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) Calculator (ARR, RRR, RR, NNH, Confidence Interval): Fill in "Input", "Rate unit", "Control event rate", "Treatment event rate", "Control events"; results are recalculated instantly as you type.

事件率填百分比还是小数？Should rates be entered as percentages or fractions?

用“事件率单位”选择：选 % 时 10 表示 10 %，选小数时 0.1 表示 10 %。两个事件率总是按同一单位读取，页面不会逐个猜测；选 % 而两个值都不超过 1 时会提示检查单位。Choose with the rate unit: with % selected, 10 means 10 %; with fraction selected, 0.1 means 10 %. Both rates always use the same unit and the page never guesses per field; with % selected and both values at most 1 it asks you to check the unit.

NNT 怎么算？How is NNT calculated?

NNT = 1 ÷ ARR，ARR = 对照组事件率 − 干预组事件率，结果向上取整。例如事件率从 10 % 降到 5 %，ARR = 5 %，NNT = 20。NNT = 1 / ARR, where ARR = control event rate − treatment event rate, rounded up. If events fall from 10 % to 5 %, ARR is 5 % and NNT is 20.

相对风险降低和绝对风险降低有什么不同？How do relative and absolute risk reduction differ?

RRR = ARR ÷ 对照组事件率。从 10 % 降到 5 % 的 RRR 是 50 %，从 0.2 % 降到 0.1 % 的 RRR 也是 50 %，但后者的 ARR 只有 0.1 %，NNT 为 1000。所以 NNT 和 ARR 更能反映实际获益。RRR = ARR / control rate. A fall from 10 % to 5 % and one from 0.2 % to 0.1 % are both 50 % RRR, but the second has an ARR of only 0.1 % and an NNT of 1000. NNT and ARR show the real-world benefit better.

置信区间跨过 0 是什么意思？What if the confidence interval crosses 0?

说明数据既与获益一致，也与伤害一致，结果在统计上不确定，此时 NNT 区间会从 NNH 跨到 NNT。The data fit both benefit and harm, so the result is statistically uncertain and the NNT interval runs from an NNH to an NNT.

能举个计算实例吗？Can you show a worked example?

例如在「需治疗人数 NNT 计算器（ARR、RRR、RR、NNH、置信区间）」中填 输入方式 = 事件率，事件率单位 = 小数 0–1，对照组事件率 = 0.1，干预组事件率 = 0.05，结果区显示：对照组 / 干预组事件率：10 % / 5 %；绝对风险降低 ARR：5 %；相对风险 RR：0.5；相对风险降低 RRR：50 %；需治疗人数 NNT：20；ℹ 平均每治疗 20 人，可以多避免 1 次事件（与研究的随访时间相对应）。；⚠ NNT 依赖于研究人群和随访时间，不同研究不能直接比较。请与医生讨论。For example, entering Input = Event rates, Rate unit = Fraction 0–1, Control event rate = 0.1, Treatment event rate = 0.05 in the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) Calculator (ARR, RRR, RR, NNH, Confidence Interval) gives: Control / treatment event rate: 10 % / 5 %; Absolute risk reduction (ARR): 5 %; Relative risk (RR): 0.5; Relative risk reduction (RRR): 50 %; Number needed to treat (NNT): 20; ℹ On average, treating 20 people prevents one more event over the study follow-up…

哪些输入会被检查？Which inputs are validated?

「需治疗人数 NNT 计算器（ARR、RRR、RR、NNH、置信区间）」会检查这些输入——「对照组事件率」：所选方式用到时必须填写，须大于 0，且不超过 100 %（单位为小数时不超过 1）；「干预组事件率」：所选方式用到时必须填写，不能为负数；「对照组事件数」：须大于 0 且不超过对照组人数；「对照组人数」：须大于 0；「干预组事件数」：不能为负数；「干预组人数」：须大于 0；绝对值超过 10¹⁵ 的数也会被拒绝。不符合时结果区显示具体提示，不会给出数字。The Number Needed to Treat (NNT) Calculator (ARR, RRR, RR, NNH, Confidence Interval) checks its inputs — "Control event rate": required when the chosen option uses it, must be more than 0 and at most 100 % (at most 1 when the unit is fraction); "Treatment event rate": required when the chosen option uses it, cannot be negative; "Control events": must be more than 0 and at most the control group size; "Control group size": must be greater than 0; "Treatment events": cannot be negative; "Treatment group size": must be greater than 0; numbers above 10¹⁵ in absolute value are rejected too. When a value fails, the result area names the problem instead of showing a number.

有哪些选项可以调整？What options can I adjust?

「需治疗人数 NNT 计算器（ARR、RRR、RR、NNH、置信区间）」的设置：「输入方式」可选 事件率、事件数和人数（默认 事件率）；「事件率单位」可选 百分比 %、小数 0–1（默认 百分比 %）；「对照组事件率」默认 10；「干预组事件率」默认 5；「对照组事件数」默认 20；「对照组人数」默认 200；「干预组事件数」默认 10；「干预组人数」默认 200。每次生成结果都按当前设置处理。Settings in the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) Calculator (ARR, RRR, RR, NNH, Confidence Interval) — "Input": Event rates, Events and group sizes (default Event rates); "Rate unit": Percent %, Fraction 0–1 (default Percent %); "Control event rate" default 10; "Treatment event rate" default 5; "Control events" default 20; "Control group size" default 200; "Treatment events" default 10; "Treatment group size" default 200. The result always uses the current settings.

结果可以代替医生的建议吗？Can this replace medical advice?

不能。「需治疗人数 NNT 计算器（ARR、RRR、RR、NNH、置信区间）」基于常用公式给出估算，个体差异较大，如有健康问题请咨询医生或专业人士。No. The Number Needed to Treat (NNT) Calculator (ARR, RRR, RR, NNH, Confidence Interval) gives estimates from common formulas; individuals differ, so consult a doctor or professional for health decisions.

「需治疗人数 NNT 计算器（ARR、RRR、RR、NNH、置信区间）」免费吗？需要注册吗？Is the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) Calculator (ARR, RRR, RR, NNH, Confidence Interval) free? Do I need an account?

「需治疗人数 NNT 计算器（ARR、RRR、RR、NNH、置信区间）」完全免费，无需注册或安装，打开网页即可使用，手机和电脑都能用；输入的内容只在你的浏览器本地处理。The Number Needed to Treat (NNT) Calculator (ARR, RRR, RR, NNH, Confidence Interval) is completely free with no sign-up or install and works on phones and desktops; what you enter is processed only in your browser.