👶 儿童剂量换算规则（Clark、Young、Fried、体表面积法）Pediatric Dose Rules (Clark, Young, Fried, Body Surface Area)

使用说明与常见问题How-to & FAQ

「儿童剂量换算规则（Clark、Young、Fried、体表面积法）」是什么？What is the Pediatric Dose Rules (Clark, Young, Fried, Body Surface Area) tool?

用药理学教材中的经典换算规则，由成人剂量估算儿童剂量：Clark 规则（按体重，体重 kg ÷ 68 或 磅 ÷ 150）、Young 规则（按年龄，年龄 ÷ (年龄 + 12)）、Fried 规则（婴儿，月龄 ÷ 150）和体表面积法（BSA ÷ 1.73 m²，Mosteller 公式）。这些规则仅用于学习，现代儿科用药以药品说明书的 mg/kg 剂量为准。本地处理。Estimate a child dose from an adult dose with the classic textbook rules: Clark (by weight, kg / 68 or lb / 150), Young (by age, age / (age + 12)), Fried (infants, months / 150) and the body surface area method (BSA / 1.73 m², Mosteller). These rules are for learning only; modern paediatric dosing follows the mg/kg dose on the product label. Processed locally.

如何使用「儿童剂量换算规则（Clark、Young、Fried、体表面积法）」？How do I use the Pediatric Dose Rules (Clark, Young, Fried, Body Surface Area) tool?

在「儿童剂量换算规则（Clark、Young、Fried、体表面积法）」中，填写「规则」、「成人剂量（mg）」、「体重（kg）」、「年龄（岁）」、「月龄」等参数，结果会随输入实时计算并显示在下方。In the Pediatric Dose Rules (Clark, Young, Fried, Body Surface Area): Fill in "Rule", "Adult dose (mg)", "Weight (kg)", "Age (years)", "Age (months)"; results are recalculated instantly as you type.

这些规则是什么？What are these rules?

Clark 规则：儿童剂量 = 成人剂量 × 体重 (lb) ÷ 150（相当于 kg ÷ 68）；Young 规则：× 年龄 ÷ (年龄 + 12)；Fried 规则：× 月龄 ÷ 150；体表面积法：× BSA ÷ 1.73 m²。Clark: child dose = adult dose × weight in lb / 150 (about kg / 68). Young: × age / (age + 12). Fried: × age in months / 150. BSA method: × BSA / 1.73 m².

为什么不能直接用于用药？Why not use them for real doses?

儿童的药物代谢与成人不成比例，很多药物有专门的儿童 mg/kg 剂量和上限，简单按比例换算可能过量或不足。现代用药以说明书和儿科指南为准。Children do not process drugs in simple proportion to adults, and many medicines have their own mg/kg child doses and limits, so scaling can overdose or underdose. Real dosing follows the label and paediatric guidelines.

体表面积怎么算？How is body surface area calculated?

Mosteller 公式：BSA (m²) = √(身高 cm × 体重 kg ÷ 3600)。成人平均约 1.73 m²。Mosteller: BSA (m²) = √(height in cm × weight in kg / 3600). The average adult is about 1.73 m².

能举个计算实例吗？Can you show a worked example?

例如在「儿童剂量换算规则（Clark、Young、Fried、体表面积法）」中填 规则 = 规则（体重），成人剂量（mg） = 500，体重（kg） = 20，结果区显示：儿童剂量（估算）：147.06 mg；比例：29.41 %；计算：体重 20 kg ÷ 68；⚠ 仅供学习：这些经验规则已不用于实际处方。儿童用药请严格按照说明书的儿童剂量或医生、药师的指导。For example, entering Adult dose (mg) = 500, Weight (kg) = 20 in the Pediatric Dose Rules (Clark, Young, Fried, Body Surface Area) gives: Child dose (estimate): 147.06 mg; Fraction of adult dose: 29.41 %; Working: weight 20 kg ÷ 68; ⚠ For learning only: these rules are no longer used for real prescribing. Give children medicine only as the label child dose or a doctor or pharmacist directs.

哪些输入会被检查？Which inputs are validated?

「儿童剂量换算规则（Clark、Young、Fried、体表面积法）」会检查这些输入——「成人剂量（mg）」：必须填写，须大于 0；「体重（kg）」、「身高（cm，体表面积法用）」：所选方式用到时必须填写，须大于 0；「年龄（岁）」：所选方式用到时必须填写，用 Young 规则时须在 1–12 之间；「月龄」：所选方式用到时必须填写，不能为负数，须为整数；绝对值超过 10¹⁵ 的数也会被拒绝。不符合时结果区显示具体提示，不会给出数字。The Pediatric Dose Rules (Clark, Young, Fried, Body Surface Area) checks its inputs — "Adult dose (mg)": required, must be greater than 0; "Weight (kg)", "Height (cm, for BSA)": required when the chosen option uses it, must be greater than 0; "Age (years)": required when the chosen option uses it, must be 1–12 for the Young rule; "Age (months)": required when the chosen option uses it, cannot be negative, must be a whole number; numbers above 10¹⁵ in absolute value are rejected too. When a value fails, the result area names the problem instead of showing a number.

有哪些选项可以调整？What options can I adjust?

「儿童剂量换算规则（Clark、Young、Fried、体表面积法）」的设置：「规则」可选 Clark 规则（体重）、Young 规则（年龄 1–12 岁）、Fried 规则（24 个月以下）、体表面积法（默认 Clark 规则（体重））；「成人剂量（mg）」默认 500；「体重（kg）」默认 20；「年龄（岁）」默认 6；「月龄」默认 12；「身高（cm，体表面积法用）」默认 115。每次生成结果都按当前设置处理。Settings in the Pediatric Dose Rules (Clark, Young, Fried, Body Surface Area) — "Rule": Clark rule (weight), Young rule (age 1–12), Fried rule (under 24 months), Body surface area (default Clark rule (weight)); "Adult dose (mg)" default 500; "Weight (kg)" default 20; "Age (years)" default 6; "Age (months)" default 12; "Height (cm, for BSA)" default 115. The result always uses the current settings.

结果可以代替医生的建议吗？Can this replace medical advice?

不能。「儿童剂量换算规则（Clark、Young、Fried、体表面积法）」基于常用公式给出估算，个体差异较大，如有健康问题请咨询医生或专业人士。No. The Pediatric Dose Rules (Clark, Young, Fried, Body Surface Area) gives estimates from common formulas; individuals differ, so consult a doctor or professional for health decisions.

「儿童剂量换算规则（Clark、Young、Fried、体表面积法）」免费吗？需要注册吗？Is the Pediatric Dose Rules (Clark, Young, Fried, Body Surface Area) free? Do I need an account?

「儿童剂量换算规则（Clark、Young、Fried、体表面积法）」完全免费，无需注册或安装，打开网页即可使用，手机和电脑都能用；输入的内容只在你的浏览器本地处理。The Pediatric Dose Rules (Clark, Young, Fried, Body Surface Area) is completely free with no sign-up or install and works on phones and desktops; what you enter is processed only in your browser.