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🕶️ 马吕斯定律（偏振光透过）Malus Law Calculator
透过检偏器的光强 I = I₀ cos²θ，θ 为起偏器与检偏器透振方向的夹角；两个检偏器串联时用夹角差。本地处理。Intensity through an analyser I = I₀ cos²θ for the angle θ between polariser and analyser; for two analysers in series use the angle between them. Processed locally.
使用说明与常见问题How-to & FAQ
「马吕斯定律（偏振光透过）」是什么？What is the Malus Law Calculator tool?
透过检偏器的光强 I = I₀ cos²θ，θ 为起偏器与检偏器透振方向的夹角；两个检偏器串联时用夹角差。本地处理。Intensity through an analyser I = I₀ cos²θ for the angle θ between polariser and analyser; for two analysers in series use the angle between them. Processed locally.
如何使用「马吕斯定律（偏振光透过）」？How do I use the Malus Law Calculator tool?
填写入射光强 I₀ 和起偏器与检偏器之间的夹角，即可得到透射光强 I = I₀cos²θ；有第二个检偏器时再填写它的角度。结果会随输入实时更新。Enter the incident intensity I₀ and the angle between polariser and analyser to get the transmitted intensity I = I₀cos²θ; add the second analyser's angle if there is one. The result updates as you type.
自然光？Unpolarised light?
自然光通过第一片偏振片强度约减半，再对第二片用马吕斯定律。Unpolarised light loses about half through the first polariser; then apply Malus to the second.
能举个计算实例吗？Can you show a worked example?
例如在「马吕斯定律（偏振光透过）」中填 入射光强 I₀ = 100，夹角 ° = 30，结果区显示：透过光强 I：75；透过比例：75%For example, entering Incident intensity I₀ = 100, Angle ° = 30 in the Malus Law Calculator gives: Transmitted I: 75; Fraction: 75%
哪些输入会被检查？Which inputs are validated?
「马吕斯定律（偏振光透过）」会检查这些输入——「入射光强 I₀」：必须填写，须大于 0；「夹角 °」：必须填写；「第二检偏器角度 °（可选）」：可留空；绝对值超过 10¹⁵ 的数也会被拒绝。不符合时结果区显示具体提示，不会给出数字。The Malus Law Calculator checks its inputs — "Incident intensity I₀": required, must be greater than 0; "Angle °": required; "Second analyser angle ° (optional)": optional; numbers above 10¹⁵ in absolute value are rejected too. When a value fails, the result area names the problem instead of showing a number.
有哪些选项可以调整？What options can I adjust?
「马吕斯定律（偏振光透过）」的设置：「入射光强 I₀」默认 100；「夹角 °」默认 30；「第二检偏器角度 °（可选）」可留空。每次生成结果都按当前设置处理。Settings in the Malus Law Calculator — "Incident intensity I₀" default 100; "Angle °" default 30; "Second analyser angle ° (optional)" optional. The result always uses the current settings.
计算结果可以用于作业或工程吗？Can I use the results for homework or engineering?
「马吕斯定律（偏振光透过）」使用教科书标准公式（公式写在说明和常见问题中），适合学习和估算核对；涉及安全的工程设计请以规范和实测为准。The Malus Law Calculator uses standard textbook formulas (given in the description and FAQ), which is good for learning and checking estimates; for safety-critical engineering follow codes and measured values.
「马吕斯定律（偏振光透过）」免费吗？需要注册吗？Is the Malus Law Calculator free? Do I need an account?
「马吕斯定律（偏振光透过）」完全免费，无需注册或安装，打开网页即可使用，手机和电脑都能用；输入的内容只在你的浏览器本地处理。The Malus Law Calculator is completely free with no sign-up or install and works on phones and desktops; what you enter is processed only in your browser.