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⚙️ 应力与应变Stress Calculator
正应力 σ = F / A，剪应力 τ = F / A；给出应变 ε = σ / E（弹性模量）和伸长量 ΔL = ε L₀。本地处理。Normal stress σ = F / A and shear stress τ = F / A; plus strain ε = σ / E (Young's modulus) and elongation ΔL = ε L₀. Processed locally.
使用说明与常见问题How-to & FAQ
「应力与应变」是什么？What is the Stress Calculator tool?
正应力 σ = F / A，剪应力 τ = F / A；给出应变 ε = σ / E（弹性模量）和伸长量 ΔL = ε L₀。本地处理。Normal stress σ = F / A and shear stress τ = F / A; plus strain ε = σ / E (Young's modulus) and elongation ΔL = ε L₀. Processed locally.
如何使用「应力与应变」？How do I use the Stress Calculator tool?
填写力和截面积，即可得到应力 σ = F ÷ A；再填写弹性模量和原长，还会给出应变和伸长量。结果会随输入实时更新。Enter the force and the cross-sectional area to get the stress σ = F ÷ A; add Young's modulus and the original length to get the strain and elongation too. The result updates as you type.
钢材屈服？Steel yield?
普通碳钢屈服强度约 250 MPa，本例 100 MPa 仍在弹性区。Mild steel yields around 250 MPa; 100 MPa here is still elastic.
能举个计算实例吗？Can you show a worked example?
例如在「应力与应变」中填 力 N = 10000，截面积 mm² = 100，弹性模量 GPa（可选） = 200，原长 m（可选） = 1，结果区显示：应力：100 MPa；GPa：0.1 GPa；应变：0.0005；伸长量：0.0005 m = 0.5 mmFor example, entering Force N = 10000, Area mm² = 100, Young's modulus GPa (optional) = 200, Original length m (optional) = 1 in the Stress Calculator gives: Stress: 100 MPa; GPa: 0.1 GPa; Strain: 0.0005; Elongation: 0.0005 m = 0.5 mm
哪些输入会被检查？Which inputs are validated?
「应力与应变」会检查这些输入——「力 N」：必须填写，须大于 0，须为整数；「截面积 mm²」：必须填写，须大于 0；「弹性模量 GPa（可选）」：可留空；「原长 m（可选）」：不能为负数；绝对值超过 10¹⁵ 的数也会被拒绝。不符合时结果区显示具体提示，不会给出数字。The Stress Calculator checks its inputs — "Force N": required, must be greater than 0, must be a whole number; "Area mm²": required, must be greater than 0; "Young's modulus GPa (optional)": optional; "Original length m (optional)": cannot be negative; numbers above 10¹⁵ in absolute value are rejected too. When a value fails, the result area names the problem instead of showing a number.
有哪些选项可以调整？What options can I adjust?
「应力与应变」的设置：「力 N」默认 10000；「截面积 mm²」默认 100；「弹性模量 GPa（可选）」默认 200；「原长 m（可选）」默认 1。每次生成结果都按当前设置处理。Settings in the Stress Calculator — "Force N" default 10000; "Area mm²" default 100; "Young's modulus GPa (optional)" default 200; "Original length m (optional)" default 1. The result always uses the current settings.
计算结果可以用于作业或工程吗？Can I use the results for homework or engineering?
「应力与应变」使用教科书标准公式（公式写在说明和常见问题中），适合学习和估算核对；涉及安全的工程设计请以规范和实测为准。The Stress Calculator uses standard textbook formulas (given in the description and FAQ), which is good for learning and checking estimates; for safety-critical engineering follow codes and measured values.
「应力与应变」免费吗？需要注册吗？Is the Stress Calculator free? Do I need an account?
「应力与应变」完全免费，无需注册或安装，打开网页即可使用，手机和电脑都能用；输入的内容只在你的浏览器本地处理。The Stress Calculator is completely free with no sign-up or install and works on phones and desktops; what you enter is processed only in your browser.