🧪 t 检验计算器（独立样本 / 配对 / 单样本）t-Test Calculator (Independent, Paired, One-sample)
输入原始数据或均值、标准差和样本量，在线完成独立样本 t 检验（Welch 或 Student）、配对样本 t 检验和单样本 t 检验，给出 t 值、自由度、双侧/单侧 p 值、均值差置信区间和 Cohen’s d / Hedges’ g，并生成 APA 格式的结果报告。Run independent-samples (Welch or Student), paired and one-sample t-tests from raw data or mean, SD and n: t, df, two- or one-sided p, the confidence interval of the difference and Cohen’s d / Hedges’ g, plus an APA-style results sentence.
使用说明与常见问题How-to & FAQ
「t 检验计算器（独立样本 / 配对 / 单样本）」是什么？What is the t-Test Calculator (Independent, Paired, One-sample)?
输入原始数据或均值、标准差和样本量，在线完成独立样本 t 检验（Welch 或 Student）、配对样本 t 检验和单样本 t 检验，给出 t 值、自由度、双侧/单侧 p 值、均值差置信区间和 Cohen’s d / Hedges’ g，并生成 APA 格式的结果报告。Run independent-samples (Welch or Student), paired and one-sample t-tests from raw data or mean, SD and n: t, df, two- or one-sided p, the confidence interval of the difference and Cohen’s d / Hedges’ g, plus an APA-style results sentence.
如何使用「t 检验计算器（独立样本 / 配对 / 单样本）」？How do I use the t-Test Calculator (Independent, Paired, One-sample)?
先选择检验类型，再粘贴两组数据（空格、逗号或换行分隔都可以），或切换到“输入均值/标准差/样本量”。结果实时更新；“复制报告”得到可以直接写进论文的句子，如 t(13.98) = 4.20, p < .001。Pick the test type and paste the data (spaces, commas or new lines), or switch to mean/SD/n. Results update live; “Copy report” gives a sentence for your paper such as t(13.98) = 4.20, p < .001.
Welch 和 Student t 检验选哪个？Welch or Student?
两组方差未知时推荐默认用 Welch t 检验，它在方差相等时与 Student 结果几乎一样，方差不等时更可靠，R 的 t.test 默认也是 Welch。Welch is the recommended default: almost identical to Student when variances are equal and more reliable when they are not; R’s t.test uses Welch by default.
结果和 SPSS / R 一样吗？Do results match SPSS or R?
计算方法与 R 的 t.test 和 SciPy 相同，我们用 SciPy 对照验证过 t、df、p 值和置信区间，误差小于 1e-10。The formulas match R’s t.test and SciPy; we verified t, df, p and the CI against SciPy to better than 1e-10.
配对检验的效应量为什么叫 d_z？Why is the paired effect size d_z?
配对设计中常用差值的均值除以差值的标准差作为效应量，记作 d_z，与独立样本的 Cohen’s d 计算方式不同。For paired data the mean difference divided by the SD of differences is reported as d_z, which differs from independent-samples d.
「t 检验计算器（独立样本 / 配对 / 单样本）」免费吗？文件会上传吗？Is the t-Test Calculator (Independent, Paired, One-sample) free? Are my files uploaded?
「t 检验计算器（独立样本 / 配对 / 单样本）」完全免费，无需注册。你输入的内容只在本机浏览器里处理（并保存在本机方便下次继续），不会上传到任何服务器，适合处理未发表的论文和数据。The t-Test Calculator (Independent, Paired, One-sample) is free with no sign-up. Everything you enter is processed in this browser only (and kept locally so you can continue later); nothing is uploaded, so it is safe for unpublished papers and data.