📊 误差线图（柱状图 / 均值散点，SD / SEM / 95% CI）Error Bar Chart Maker (Bar or Dot Plot with SD / SEM / 95% CI)
从 Excel 粘贴原始数据（每列一组）或汇总数据（均值、SD、n），生成论文用的柱状图加误差线、柱状图加数据点或均值加散点图，误差线可选 SD、SEM 或基于 t 分布的 95% 置信区间；使用色盲友好配色，按厘米设置尺寸和字号，导出可编辑的 SVG 或带 DPI 信息的高分辨率 PNG，同时给出各组统计表。Paste raw data from Excel (one column per group) or summaries (mean, SD, n) to draw publication bar charts with error bars, bars with data points, or mean-and-points plots. Error bars show SD, SEM or a t-based 95% CI; colour-blind-safe palettes, size and font in cm/pt, export editable SVG or high-DPI PNG, plus a summary table.
| 组Group | n | 均值Mean | SD | SEM | 95% CI |
|---|
SEM = SD/√n；95% CI = 均值 ± t₀.₉₇₅,ₙ₋₁ × SEM（t 分布，小样本更准确）。图注里请写明误差线代表什么（如“mean ± SEM, n = 6”）——这是期刊最常要求补充的信息之一。小样本建议使用“均值 + 散点”展示每个数据点。图尺寸按厘米设置，导出的 PNG 会写入 DPI 信息，SVG 可在 Illustrator / Inkscape 中继续编辑。SEM = SD/√n; 95% CI = mean ± t(0.975, n−1) × SEM (t distribution, accurate for small n). State what the error bars show in the legend (e.g. “mean ± SEM, n = 6”) — journals often ask for it. With small n, prefer “mean + points” so every observation is visible. Size is set in cm; the PNG carries DPI metadata and the SVG stays editable in Illustrator/Inkscape.
使用说明与常见问题How-to & FAQ
「误差线图（柱状图 / 均值散点，SD / SEM / 95% CI）」是什么？What is the Error Bar Chart Maker (Bar or Dot Plot with SD / SEM / 95% CI)?
从 Excel 粘贴原始数据（每列一组）或汇总数据（均值、SD、n），生成论文用的柱状图加误差线、柱状图加数据点或均值加散点图，误差线可选 SD、SEM 或基于 t 分布的 95% 置信区间；使用色盲友好配色，按厘米设置尺寸和字号，导出可编辑的 SVG 或带 DPI 信息的高分辨率 PNG，同时给出各组统计表。Paste raw data from Excel (one column per group) or summaries (mean, SD, n) to draw publication bar charts with error bars, bars with data points, or mean-and-points plots. Error bars show SD, SEM or a t-based 95% CI; colour-blind-safe palettes, size and font in cm/pt, export editable SVG or high-DPI PNG, plus a summary table.
如何使用「误差线图（柱状图 / 均值散点，SD / SEM / 95% CI）」？How do I use the Error Bar Chart Maker (Bar or Dot Plot with SD / SEM / 95% CI)?
把数据从 Excel 复制粘贴进来（第一行为组名），选择图形类型和误差线类型，调整 Y 轴标题、配色和尺寸，图形实时更新；点 SVG 或 PNG 下载。小样本建议用“均值点 + 误差线 + 散点”展示每个数据点。Paste data from Excel (first row = group names), choose the chart and error-bar type, set the Y label, palette and size; the chart updates live. Download SVG or PNG. With small samples prefer “mean ± error + points” to show every observation.
误差线用 SD 还是 SEM？SD or SEM for error bars?
SD 描述数据本身的离散程度，SEM 描述均值估计的精确度（随样本量增大而变小），95% CI 便于判断差异。无论用哪种，都要在图注中写明（如“mean ± SEM, n = 6”）。展示数据变异时多用 SD，比较组间均值时多用 SEM 或 CI。SD describes the spread of the data; SEM the precision of the mean (it shrinks with n); a 95% CI helps judge differences. Whichever you use, say so in the legend (e.g. “mean ± SEM, n = 6”). Use SD to show variability and SEM or CI to compare means.
95% CI 是怎么算的？How is the 95% CI computed?
均值 ± t(0.975, n−1) × SD/√n，使用 t 分布而不是 1.96，小样本时更准确；与 R 的 t.test 和 scipy.stats.t.interval 结果一致。Mean ± t(0.975, n−1) × SD/√n — the t distribution rather than 1.96, which matters for small n; it matches R t.test and scipy.stats.t.interval.
「误差线图（柱状图 / 均值散点，SD / SEM / 95% CI）」免费吗？文件会上传吗？Is the Error Bar Chart Maker (Bar or Dot Plot with SD / SEM / 95% CI) free? Are my files uploaded?
「误差线图（柱状图 / 均值散点，SD / SEM / 95% CI）」完全免费，无需注册。你输入的内容只在本机浏览器里处理（并保存在本机方便下次继续），不会上传到任何服务器，适合处理未发表的论文和数据。The Error Bar Chart Maker (Bar or Dot Plot with SD / SEM / 95% CI) is free with no sign-up. Everything you enter is processed in this browser only (and kept locally so you can continue later); nothing is uploaded, so it is safe for unpublished papers and data.