⚖️ 比较优势计算器（机会成本、绝对优势、贸易条件）Comparative Advantage Calculator (Opportunity Cost, Absolute Advantage, Terms of Trade)
输入两个国家（或两个人）生产两种商品的效率，可以是“每件所需工时”或“每小时产量”。计算双方的机会成本，判断谁有绝对优势、谁在哪种商品上有比较优势，以及对双方都有利的贸易条件范围。本地处理。Enter how efficiently two countries (or two people) make two goods, as hours per unit or units per hour. Get each side opportunity costs, who has the absolute advantage, who has the comparative advantage in each good, and the range of terms of trade that benefits both. Processed locally.
使用说明与常见问题How-to & FAQ
「比较优势计算器（机会成本、绝对优势、贸易条件）」是什么？What is the Comparative Advantage Calculator (Opportunity Cost, Absolute Advantage, Terms of Trade) tool?
输入两个国家（或两个人）生产两种商品的效率，可以是“每件所需工时”或“每小时产量”。计算双方的机会成本，判断谁有绝对优势、谁在哪种商品上有比较优势，以及对双方都有利的贸易条件范围。本地处理。Enter how efficiently two countries (or two people) make two goods, as hours per unit or units per hour. Get each side opportunity costs, who has the absolute advantage, who has the comparative advantage in each good, and the range of terms of trade that benefits both. Processed locally.
如何使用「比较优势计算器（机会成本、绝对优势、贸易条件）」？How do I use the Comparative Advantage Calculator (Opportunity Cost, Absolute Advantage, Terms of Trade) tool?
在「比较优势计算器（机会成本、绝对优势、贸易条件）」中，填写「数据形式」、「甲：商品 A」、「甲：商品 B」、「乙：商品 A」、「乙：商品 B」等参数，结果会随输入实时计算并显示在下方。In the Comparative Advantage Calculator (Opportunity Cost, Absolute Advantage, Terms of Trade): Fill in "Input type", "Side 1: good A", "Side 1: good B", "Side 2: good A", "Side 2: good B"; results are recalculated instantly as you type.
机会成本怎么算？How is opportunity cost worked out?
生产 1 件 A 的机会成本 = 同样的时间本可以生产的 B 的数量 = (每小时 B 产量) ÷ (每小时 A 产量)。用工时输入时等于 A 的工时 ÷ B 的工时。The cost of 1 A is the amount of B the same time could have made: (B per hour) / (A per hour). With hours per unit it is hours for A / hours for B.
绝对优势和比较优势有什么区别？What is the difference between absolute and comparative advantage?
绝对优势指单位时间产量更高；比较优势指机会成本更低。即使一方在两种商品上都有绝对优势，双方仍各有一种商品具有比较优势，专业化分工后贸易可以互利。Absolute advantage means making more per hour; comparative advantage means a lower opportunity cost. Even if one side is better at both, each still has a comparative advantage in one good, so specialising and trading can help both.
贸易条件范围是什么意思？What does the terms-of-trade range mean?
只要 1 件 A 换到的 B 介于两方的机会成本之间，双方都比自己生产更划算。As long as 1 A trades for an amount of B between the two opportunity costs, both sides do better than making everything themselves.
能举个计算实例吗？Can you show a worked example?
例如在「比较优势计算器（机会成本、绝对优势、贸易条件）」中填 数据形式 = 每件所需工时，甲：商品 A = 10，甲：商品 B = 20，乙：商品 A = 15，乙：商品 B = 12，结果区显示：甲生产 1 件 A 的机会成本：0.5 B；乙生产 1 件 A 的机会成本：1.25 B；甲生产 1 件 B 的机会成本：2 A；乙生产 1 件 B 的机会成本：0.8 A；A 的绝对优势：甲；B 的绝对优势：乙；A 的比较优势：甲；B 的比较优势：乙；互利的贸易条件：1 件 A 换 0.5 到 1.25 件 B 之间For example, entering Input type = Hours per unit, Side 1: good A = 10, Side 1: good B = 20, Side 2: good A = 15, Side 2: good B = 12 in the Comparative Advantage Calculator (Opportunity Cost, Absolute Advantage, Terms of Trade) gives: Side 1 cost of 1 A: 0.5 B; Side 2 cost of 1 A: 1.25 B; Side 1 cost of 1 B: 2 A; Side 2 cost of 1 B: 0.8 A; Absolute advantage in A: Side 1; Absolute advantage in B: Side 2; Comparative advantage in A: Side 1; Comparative advantage in B: Side 2; Terms of trade…
哪些输入会被检查？Which inputs are validated?
「比较优势计算器（机会成本、绝对优势、贸易条件）」会检查这些输入——「甲：商品 A」、「甲：商品 B」、「乙：商品 A」、「乙：商品 B」：必须填写，须大于 0；绝对值超过 10¹⁵ 的数也会被拒绝。不符合时结果区显示具体提示，不会给出数字。The Comparative Advantage Calculator (Opportunity Cost, Absolute Advantage, Terms of Trade) checks its inputs — "Side 1: good A", "Side 1: good B", "Side 2: good A", "Side 2: good B": required, must be greater than 0; numbers above 10¹⁵ in absolute value are rejected too. When a value fails, the result area names the problem instead of showing a number.
有哪些选项可以调整？What options can I adjust?
「比较优势计算器（机会成本、绝对优势、贸易条件）」的设置：「数据形式」可选 每件所需工时、每小时产量（默认 每件所需工时）；「甲：商品 A」默认 10；「甲：商品 B」默认 20；「乙：商品 A」默认 15；「乙：商品 B」默认 12。每次生成结果都按当前设置处理。Settings in the Comparative Advantage Calculator (Opportunity Cost, Absolute Advantage, Terms of Trade) — "Input type": Hours per unit, Units per hour (default Hours per unit); "Side 1: good A" default 10; "Side 1: good B" default 20; "Side 2: good A" default 15; "Side 2: good B" default 12. The result always uses the current settings.
计算结果可以作为最终依据吗？Can I rely on the result?
「比较优势计算器（机会成本、绝对优势、贸易条件）」按标准公式计算，结果仅供参考；实际金额以银行、券商或税务机关的规则和四舍五入方式为准。The Comparative Advantage Calculator (Opportunity Cost, Absolute Advantage, Terms of Trade) uses standard formulas and is for estimation only; actual figures depend on your bank, broker or tax authority's rules and rounding.
「比较优势计算器（机会成本、绝对优势、贸易条件）」免费吗？需要注册吗？Is the Comparative Advantage Calculator (Opportunity Cost, Absolute Advantage, Terms of Trade) free? Do I need an account?
「比较优势计算器（机会成本、绝对优势、贸易条件）」完全免费，无需注册或安装，打开网页即可使用，手机和电脑都能用；输入的内容只在你的浏览器本地处理。The Comparative Advantage Calculator (Opportunity Cost, Absolute Advantage, Terms of Trade) is completely free with no sign-up or install and works on phones and desktops; what you enter is processed only in your browser.